The paper examines the Meiji Restoration as a model for Cambodian industrialisation, emphasising the value of human capital, technology, and investment. It draws parallels between Japan’s modernisation efforts and Cambodia’s goals to become middle-income by 2030 and high-income by 2050. The authors emphasise the importance of national solidarity, STEM education, and strategic infrastructure investments in promoting industrial growth. The paper also provides policy recommendations based on Japan’s experience, emphasising the importance of collaboration among the government, private sector, and international partners in driving Cambodia’s sustainable development and modernisation efforts.